Network Adapters

A USB adapter is easy to move between computers, but occupies a port and may obstruct neighbouring sockets. Check the computer port's speed, not just its shape. A PCIe card needs an available slot, room inside the case and the correct bracket height. If it includes Bluetooth, it may also require an internal USB connection. M.2 cards use different formats and interfaces, so physical fit alone does not establish compatibility.

Look for support for your operating system and version before buying. A vague claim of computer compatibility does not establish support for Linux or an older Windows release. The chipset helps identify support, but revisions of the same product can use different hardware. Establish how you will obtain the driver if this computer is currently offline, and whether you can keep an installer for later recovery.

• On a managed work computer, check permission to install drivers or add hardware.

For Ethernet, the router or switch port and cable must support the adapter's rate. For Wi-Fi, consider the bands supported by the access point as well as distance. Combined headline figures are not the throughput of a single transfer. A new adapter cannot remove a slow USB connection or increase your internet subscription speed. Match the purchase to the weakest relevant part of the route your traffic actually takes.

A tiny adapter is convenient for travel but can end up poorly positioned behind a metal desktop case. External antennas or a separate base let you improve placement without moving the computer. Consider cable length, heat during sustained transfers and stability after sleep and wake. During the return period, try the networks and workloads you normally use, rather than merely checking that a connection icon appears on screen.